elasticsearch 安装笔记

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什么是 Elasticsearch

Elasticsearch是一个基于Lucene库的搜索引擎。它提供了一个分布式、支持多租户的全文搜索引擎，具有HTTP Web接口和无模式JSON文档。Elasticsearch是用Java开发的，并在Apache许可证下作为开源软件发布。官方客户端在Java、.NET（C#）、PHP、Python、Apache Groovy、Ruby和许多其他语言中都是可用的。根据DB-Engines的排名显示，Elasticsearch是最受欢迎的企业搜索引擎，其次是Apache Solr，也是基于Lucene。

安装 JDK

  • Elasticsearch是java应用，故依赖JDK

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    yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk wget

安装 elasticsearch

  • 下载 elasticsearch 并解压，这里创建一个软连接，方便以后切换版本

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    wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.7.2.tar.gz
    wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.7.2.tar.gz.sha512
    shasum -a 512 -c elasticsearch-6.7.2.tar.gz.sha512 
    tar -xzf elasticsearch-6.7.2.tar.gz -C /usr/share
    ln -s /usr/share/elasticsearch-6.7.2 /usr/share/elasticsearch

  • 若出现 shasum: command not found 报错信息，安装 perl-Digest-SHA 即可

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    yum install -y perl-Digest-SHA

  • 创建 elasticsearch 用户及组，为了安全考虑 elasticsearch 不能使用有 root 权限的用户进行启动

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    groupadd elasticsearch
    useradd elasticsearch -g elasticsearch -p elasticsearch

  • 创建 elasticsearch 数据目录

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    mkdir -p /data/elasticsearch/{data,logs}

  • 授予 elasticsearch 用户目录访问权限

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    chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch /usr/share/elasticsearch*
    chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch /data/elasticsearch

  • 动态调整内核的运行参数

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    echo 'vm.max_map_count=262144' > /usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf
    sysctl -p /usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf

  • 修改相关配置

    • 修改 elasticsearch 配置

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      # vi /usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml

      cluster.name: dev
      node.name: node1
      path.data: /data/elasticsearch/data
      path.logs: /data/elasticsearch/logs
      network.host: 0.0.0.0
      http.port: 9200
      discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.16.227","192.168.16.226","192.168.16.225"]
      # 集群为3个节点，故最小master数量为 ⌊nodes / 2⌋ + 1
      discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2

    • 修改 JVM 配置

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      $ vi /usr/share/elasticsearch/config/jvm.options

      -Xms4g
      -Xmx4g

  • 添加 systemd 进程守护文件

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    $ vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service

    [Unit]
    Description=Elasticsearch
    Documentation=http://www.elastic.co
    Wants=network-online.target
    After=network-online.target

    [Service]
    RuntimeDirectory=elasticsearch
    PrivateTmp=true
    Environment=ES_HOME=/usr/share/elasticsearch
    Environment=PID_DIR=/data/elasticsearch
    WorkingDirectory=/usr/share/elasticsearch

    User=elasticsearch
    Group=elasticsearch

    ExecStart=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch -p ${PID_DIR}/elasticsearch.pid --quiet
    Restart=always

    # StandardOutput is configured to redirect to journalctl since
    # some error messages may be logged in standard output before
    # elasticsearch logging system is initialized. Elasticsearch
    # stores its logs in /var/log/elasticsearch and does not use
    # journalctl by default. If you also want to enable journalctl
    # logging, you can simply remove the "quiet" option from ExecStart.
    StandardOutput=journal
    StandardError=inherit

    # Specifies the maximum file descriptor number that can be opened by this process
    LimitNOFILE=262144

    # Specifies the maximum number of processes
    LimitNPROC=4096

    # Specifies the maximum size of virtual memory
    LimitAS=infinity

    # Specifies the maximum file size
    LimitFSIZE=infinity

    # Disable timeout logic and wait until process is stopped
    TimeoutStopSec=0

    # SIGTERM signal is used to stop the Java process
    KillSignal=SIGTERM

    # Send the signal only to the JVM rather than its control group
    KillMode=process

    # Java process is never killed
    SendSIGKILL=no

    # When a JVM receives a SIGTERM signal it exits with code 143
    SuccessExitStatus=143

    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

    # Built for ${project.name}-${project.version} (${project.name})

  • 设置防火墙

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    # 开启9200端口
    $ firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=9200/tcp

    # 关闭防火墙(不建议)
    $ systemctl stop firewalld.service
    $ systemctl disable firewalld.service

    # 重启防火墙
    $ firewall-cmd --reload

    # 开启防火墙
    $ systemctl start firewalld.service

  • 启动 elasticsearch

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    # 设置开机自启
    $ systemctl enable elasticsearch

    # 运行 elasticsearch
    $ systemctl start elasticsearch

参考文档

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